<i>In Vivo</i> investigation of xenotransplanted human blood-derived scaffold into mice as a biodegradable construct for improvement of pelvic floor repair

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Objective We developed an autologous, novel human blood-derived scaffold (hBDS) to improve pelvic floor disorders. Both in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradation were investigated and compared by subcutaneous implantation, in the abdominal wall, and the back muscle of mice. Methods and materials After preparing the scaffold, it was xenotransplanted subcutaneously, and in vivo biodegradation and host responses were assessed morphologically using hematoxylin, eosin, and Masson's trichrome staining over 6 weeks. Immunohistochemistry for the CD136 marker was conducted to evaluate vascularization. In another series of experiments, the scaffold was sutured at multiple points on the abdominal wall and back muscle to prolong its biodegradation time and assess the scar formation around the transplantation site. Results Three days after implantation, no infection or severe inflammation was observed, and the scaffold was surrounded by connective tissue and fibroblasts, indicating initial scaffold degradation. By 1 week, the scaffold exhibited high biodegradation and increased fibroblast infiltration. Scaffold degradation was extensive at 2 weeks, with continued fibroblast infiltration and new collagen deposition. By 3 weeks, the scaffold had completely degraded, with minimal inflammation. The normal dermal structure was restored by weeks four to six after transplantation. Immunohistoche

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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