Immunomodulatory Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Metformin in Managing Rheumatic Diseases: A Narrative Review

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Limited studies summarise the immunomodulatory effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and Metformin in managing rheumatic diseases. The present narrative review aims to fill this knowledge gap by gathering information based on existing clinical evidence. A narrative review was conducted in November 2023 to identify studies investigating the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors and Metformin on rheumatic diseases. A literature search was performed across primary databases, including Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Supplementary sources like Google Scholar, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect were also consulted. Studies were screened for relevance, and those lacking pertinent outcome data were excluded. The review corroborates the multifaceted potential of Metformin as an adjunctive therapy in autoimmune rheumatologic conditions, offering avenues for further exploration and clinical application to enhance patient outcomes. However, limited literature exists on the clinical effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in rheumatic diseases.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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