Injectable Thermosensitive Thiol-Modified NIPAAm- g -Chitosan Hydrogels for Cartilage Regeneration in a Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Cartilage tissue has a limited intrinsic capacity for self-healing. Over the decades, researchers have extensively researched methods of cartilage repair, yet some limitations still need to be resolved. Most studies typically evaluate osteochondral regeneration in normal animals. However, traumatic articular cartilage defects may eventually result in osteoarthritis (OA), and the relationship between cartilage defects and OA is not independent. Therefore, in this study, the effect of thiol-modified NIPAAm- g -chitosan (TNC) hydrogels containing human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs), with or without etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor, was evaluated for cartilage regeneration in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rabbit model. TNC hydrogels, with a suitable lower critical solution temperature (LCST), porous interior microstructures, enhanced mechanical properties, and without cytotoxicity were synthesized and characterized by DSC, SEM, NMR, and the CCK8 kit. The OA rabbit models were established by MIA injection in the rabbit knees and verified with histological examinations and cytokine detection for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. According to macroscopic evaluations, micro-CT analysis, and histological and immunohistochemical evaluations, the results of cartilage repair in OA models showed improvement in cartilage regeneration in the cell-seeded hydrogel groups compa

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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