The Interplay Between Oxidative Stress and Lipid Composition in Obesity-Induced Inflammation: Antioxidants as Therapeutic Agents in Metabolic Diseases

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Adipose tissue functions not only as a lipid storage depot but also as an active endocrine organ that regulates key physiological processes. In obesity, oxidative stress disrupts the molecular pathways for adipose tissue homeostasis, triggering chronic inflammation, tissue dysfunction, and metabolic disorders. This review explores the mechanisms by which lipid storage drives adipose tissue expansion, highlighting the detrimental effects of hypertrophy in promoting oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. These processes can ultimately contribute to metabolic pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. We also discuss how lipid composition influences these pathways, acting as signaling molecules that activate inflammatory and oxidative stress-related signaling cascades. Additionally, we compile evidence from studies on individuals with obesity, identifying lipids, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory mediators as potential biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction. Finally, we assess the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in mitigating the metabolic effects of obesity, focusing on their mechanisms of actions. By integrating these insights, this review aims to clarify the complex relationship between oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and highlight the role of antioxidant molecules in addressing adipose tissue dysfunction

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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