Intraosseous therapy: harnessing the potential of tissue regeneration and repair

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Tissue regeneration and repair remain significant challenges in various medical fields, particularly in the context of musculoskeletal conditions. Intraosseous therapy has emerged as a promising approach, harnessing the body's intrinsic regenerative potential to promote bone and tissue regeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of intraosseous therapy, including its principles, strategies, and clinical applications. The bone biology and regeneration processes are discussed, along with the roles of cellular components such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. Intraosseous therapy encompasses various approaches, including Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cell-based therapies (mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and other sources), biomaterials and scaffolds, and growth factors. The clinical applications of intraosseous therapy span bone fracture repair and non-union, spinal fusion, craniofacial and maxillofacial reconstruction, osteonecrosis and avascular necrosis, and osteoporosis and bone defects. While intraosseous therapy holds significant promise, challenges related to regulatory and ethical considerations, standardization and quality control, clinical translation and commercial viability, and future research directions in personalized medicine, advanced biomaterials

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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