Isoquercitrin-loaded adipose-derived stem cell exosomes synchronize immunomodulation and neurovascular remodeling to accelerate spinal cord regeneration.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves complex and interconnected pathological processes, including microglia-driven inflammation, vascular disruption, and impaired neuronal metabolic homeostasis, which collectively limit functional recovery. Here, we developed an isoquercitrin-loaded adipose-derived stem cell exosomes formulation (IQC@ADSCs-EXOs) as a natural nanocarrier delivery platform to coordinately modulate key cellular components within the lesion niche. IQC@ADSCs-EXOs exhibited typical vesicular morphology with nanoscale size distribution and a negative surface potential, and were efficiently internalized by microglia, endothelial cells (ECs), and neurons. Functionally, IQC@ADSCs-EXOs attenuated myelin debris-induced lipid droplet accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular ROS in BV2 cells, accompanied by a shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Meanwhile, IQC@ADSCs-EXOs promoted endothelial proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and enhanced mitochondrial activity with increased neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. In a mouse contusive SCI model, local administration of IQC@ADSCs-EXOs was associated with improved vascular rebuilding, reduced neuroinflammation, enhanced axonal regeneration, and better locomotor and electrophysiological outcomes compared with controls. Collectively, these findings support IQC@ADSCs-EXOs as a nanotherapeutic platform with mu

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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