Linking graphene-based material physicochemical properties with molecular adsorption, structure and cell fate

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Graphene, an allotrope of carbon, consists of a single layer of carbon atoms with uniquely tuneable properties. As such, graphene-based materials (GBMs) have gained interest for tissue engineering applications. GBMs are often discussed in the context of how different physicochemical properties affect cell physiology, without explicitly considering the impact of adsorbed proteins. Establishing a relationship between graphene properties, adsorbed proteins, and cell response is necessary as these proteins provide the surface upon which cells attach and grow. This review highlights the molecular adsorption of proteins on different GBMs, protein structural changes, and the connection to cellular function.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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