Material and biological characterization of 3D knitted bioresorbable poly (D,L-lactide) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration: from fabrication to in vivo performance

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Soft-tissue reconstruction is crucial in fields such as plastic surgery and oncology to address the repair of damaged tissues. Knitted scaffolds from bioresorbable copolymers, specifically poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), offer mechanical and biological properties that are essential for tissue engineering. This study assessed three-dimensional knitted scaffolds fabricated from melt-spun PLA and PCL multifilaments for soft tissue engineering applications. It examined the impact of the PLA/PCL ratio on the knitted scaffold structure, mechanical properties, and biological responses to determine the optimal composition for adipose tissue reconstruction. Results Knitted scaffolds fabricated with the PLA/PCL blends (PLA 70 /PCL 30 and PLA 90 /PCL 10 ) exhibited distinct mechanical and biological profiles. PLA 70 /PCL 30 scaffolds with a higher PCL content showed enhanced elasticity and porosity, whereas PLA 90 /PCL 10 scaffolds maintained better structural integrity and stiffness. Biological assays confirmed the biocompatibility of all scaffolds in vitro, with no cytotoxic effects. The scaffolds supported adipogenic differentiation in vitro, although PLA 70 /PCL 30 exhibited slightly reduced efficacy. Vascularization was evident using chorioallantoic membrane assays, in which blood vessel formation and penetration were observed, regardless of the scaffol

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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