Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A promising therapeutic strategy in diabetic osteoporosis.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. It is urgent to explore efficient clinical treatment strategies for DOP. It has been found that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs), as an emerging cell-free therapy, show great potential in DOP treatment. MSC-EVs can effectively promote bone formation, inhibit bone resorption, and modulate the inflammatory microenvironment by delivering cargoes of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and proteins to target cells, thereby ameliorating bone loss in DOP. However, there are limited reports on the treatment of DOP with MSC-EVs. To evoke more attention to this potential strategy, this article summarised the extant literature on MSC-EVs for DOP to provide new directions for further research and to promote the application of MSC-EVs in the clinical management of DOP.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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