Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Therapeutic Efficacy and Bioengineering Applications.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to their anti-inflammatory properties, immune modulation, and tissue regeneration potential. However, challenges in optimizing their production, efficacy, and understanding their therapeutic mechanisms remain. MSC-EVs, particularly those derived from bone marrow and umbilical mesenchymal stem cells, have shown significant therapeutic potential in both preclinical and clinical studies. Although the advantages of MSC-EVs over traditional therapies, such as low immunogenicity and non-invasive administration, limitations in their targeting capabilities and stability in fibrotic tissues impede full clinical translation. This review succinctly outlines a comparative analysis of MSC-EVs derived from various sources, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, perinatal tissues, dental tissues, olfactory mucosa, and hair follicles in IBD treatment. Additionally, the applications of bioengineered MSC-EVs, including their use as nanodrug carriers and in targeted therapies, are discussed, with an emphasis on the future potential of integrating MSC-EVs with biomaterials like hydrogels. Finally, the current challenges and potential solutions for translating MSC-EVs from bench to bedside are discussed. This review aims to elucidate the therapeutic

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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