Mesenchymal stem cells and derived extracellular vesicles in major respiratory diseases: from multifaceted molecular mechanisms to clinical perspectives

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of pluripotent stem cells, exhibit remarkable therapeutic properties in the treatment of various diseases. Recent findings on the development of respiratory illnesses indicate that local MSCs might transform into myofibroblasts, thereby resulting in the emergence of respiratory disorders. Nonetheless, both preclinical and clinical studies on autologous or allogeneic MSC infusion reveal that MSCs can mitigate the onset of respiratory disease by controlling inflammation, restoring impaired tissues, modifying the ECM, and regulating stress-induced cell death after implantation. Furthermore, a variety of animal models have been created to explore the underlying mechanisms of various respiratory illnesses and assess the early-stage efficacy of MSC treatment in these conditions. In summary, the article examines the divergent functions of MSCs in respiratory illnesses and summarizes current perspectives on their therapeutic mechanisms in these diseases.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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