Microfracture and Microfracture Plus of the Knee Joint.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Microfracture (MF) treats small full-thickness cartilage defects in the knee by creating subchondral bone perforations to stimulate cartilage regeneration. Despite its popularity, MF produces fibrocartilage with inferior properties to native hyaline cartilage, leading to midterm clinical deterioration. Microfracture plus (MFplus) aims to enhance outcomes by integrating scaffolds and orthobiologics. This scoping review evaluates MF and MFplus, focusing on clinical, MRI, and histologic outcomes. Techniques examined include MF with porcine collagen membranes, hyaluronic acid-based matrices, and orthobiologics like platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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