Mimicking the Bone Extracellular Matrix through a Calcium Phosphate-Containing Thiol-Ene Cross-Linked Gelatin Composite.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles were incorporated into a thiol-ene clickable gelatin network to elucidate to what extent osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp- and adipose-derived stem cells (HDPSCs/HASCs) could be further boosted. ACP nanoparticles increased the specific surface area by 23% and reduced the density by 13% while maintaining a comparable particle size (ACP: 25 ± 3 nm; HAP: 27 ± 3 nm). Overall, the incorporation of ceramic nanoparticles did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of the ceramic-containing composites compared to the unsubstituted thiol-ene network. ACP nanoparticles at high concentrations promoted a 21-day osteogenic response in HASCs (72.09 ± 20.20 ng Ca 2+ /ng DNA) comparable to HDPSCs, with the latter showing high calcium production irrespective of the ceramic content (78.45 ± 10.87 ng Ca 2+ /ng DNA), suggesting that the provided cues must be optimized according to the investigated cell type toward a cell-interactive coating application stimulating osteogenesis.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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