Mitochondrial DNA Modification in Assisted Reproduction: Concept to Practice-A Narrative Review

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Mitochondria play a fundamental role in human reproduction by supplying the energy required for key early reproductive processes. As mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) is maternally inherited, pathogenic mutations can lead to multisystem disorders that are transmitted to offspring. Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) has emerged as a promising assisted reproductive approach to prevent the transmission of pathogenic mtDNA by replacing defective mitochondria with healthy donor mitochondria. There have been recent reports of successful MRT in humans. However, MRT remains a relatively new procedure and needs further experiments to establish its long-term safety and effectiveness. Overall, mitochondrial replacement therapy holds significant promise in helping families build healthier futures. This review explores the evolution of mitochondrial DNA modification in reproductive cells and addresses the associated ethical considerations, including acceptable clinical indications, reproductive choices, and long-term considerations for affected children.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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