Modulation of transforming growth factor-β/follistatin signaling and white adipose browning: therapeutic implications for obesity related disorders

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and other related metabolic conditions. Obesity develops from perturbations in overall cellular bioenergetics when energy intake chronically exceeds total energy expenditure. Lifestyle interventions based on reducing total energy uptake and increasing activities including exercise have proved ineffective in the prevention and treatment of obesity because of poor adherence to such interventions for an extended period of time. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has an extraordinary metabolic capacity to burn excess stored energy and holds great promise in combating obesity and related diseases. This unique ability to nullify the effects of extra energy intake of these specialized tissues has provided attractive perspectives for the therapeutic potential of BAT in humans. Browning of white adipose tissue by promoting the expression and activity of key mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) represents an exciting new strategy to combat obesity via enhanced energy dissipation. Members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily including myostatin and follistatin have recently been demonstrated to play a key role in regulating white adipose browning both in in-vitro and in-vivo animal models and thereby present attractive avenues for exploring the therap

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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