Myostatin regulates energy homeostasis through autocrine- and paracrine-mediated microenvironment communication

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Myostatin (MSTN) has long been recognized as a critical regulator of muscle mass. Recently, there has been increasing interest in its role in metabolism. In our study, we specifically knocked out MSTN in brown adipose tissue (BAT) from mice (MSTNΔUCP1) and found that the mice gained more weight than did controls when fed a high-fat diet, with progressive hepatosteatosis and impaired skeletal muscle activity. RNA-Seq analysis indicated signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the MSTN-ablated BAT. Further studies demonstrated that Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was responsible for the metabolic phenotypes observed, whereas fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) contributed to the microenvironment communication between adipocytes and macrophages induced by the loss of MSTN. Moreover, the MSTN/SMAD2/3-p38 signaling pathway mediated the expression of KLF4 and FGF21 in adipocytes. In summary, our findings suggest that brown adipocyte-derived MSTN regulated BAT thermogenesis via autocrine and paracrine effects on adipocytes or macrophages, ultimately regulating systemic energy homeostasis.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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