Nano MgO loaded thermosensitive HPCH@HA hydrogel accelerates in situ bone repair through osteoimmunomodulation while enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Bone defect repair is a complex physiological process, starting with early modulation by the inflammatory immune system, and involves multiple physiological events, including angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization. Biomaterial can regulate inflammatory responses through relevant immune cells in the local immune microenvironment of the implant-bone interface which is a hot topic in the field of regenerative medicine. Currently, Mg 2+ regulates immune cells in the bone microenvironment to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis mainly focuses on macrophages,but there is relatively little research on T cells.At the same time, the effective delivery and release of Mg 2+ remains a challenge. To address these issues, we designed a new thermosensitive hyaluronic acid-hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel (HPCH@HA) that has good affinity for Mg 2+ and can sustained release it. In vitro, nano MgO loaded complex hydrogels effectively induced macrophage polarization from M0 phenotype to M2 phenotype and simultaneously activate T lymphocytes which also promoted human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) osteogenic differentiation and mineralization and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) angiogenesis. In vivo, at the early stage of repair, the composite hydrogel has a good repair effect on mouse skull critical defect. All these results show that our designed composit

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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