Nanoscale Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome Transplantation.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

A common surgical disease, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is increasing at an alarming rate in younger individuals. Repairing damaged intervertebral discs (IVDs) and promoting IVD tissue regeneration at the molecular level are important research goals.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells and can be derived from most body fluids. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have characteristics similar to those of the parental MSCs. These EVs can shuttle various macromolecular substances, such as proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) and regulate the activity of recipient cells through intercellular communication. Reducing inflammation and apoptosis can significantly promote IVD regeneration to facilitate the repair of the IVD. Compared with MSCs, exosomes are more convenient to store and transport, and the use of exosomes can prevent the risk of rejection with cell transplantation. Furthermore, MSC-exo-mediated treatment may be safer and more effective than MSC transplantation. In this review, we summarize the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs), nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs), and stem cells from other sources for tissue engineering and use in IVDD. Here, we aim to describe the role of exosomes in inhibiting IVDD, their potential therapeutic

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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