Naoxintong capsule decreases circulating exosomes of miR-382-5p to protect LPS-induced vascular endothelial cell injury by targeting <i>STC1 in vitro</i>

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, major health threats in aging populations, involve vascular endothelial injury as a key pathological factor. Circulating exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles involved in substance transport and signal transduction, serve as regulatory mediators in vascular diseases. Naoxintong Capsule (NXT), a traditional Chinese medicine with 3 decades of clinical application, protects vascular diseases via multifaceted mechanisms, yet its circulating exosome-mediated endothelial protection remains unclear. Methods Circulating exosomes were isolated from NXT-treated (NXT-Exo) and saline-treated (Ctl-Exo) SD rats. The effect of NXT-Exo and Ctl-Exo on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) injury was studied using molecular biology experiments. RNA-seq and miRNA-omics analysis were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of NXT-Exo. Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to validate the therapeutic target of NXT-Exo. Results NXT-Exo attenuated LPS-induced HMEC-1 injury by suppressing apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, while Ctl-Exo showed no effect. RNA-seq revealed the TLR4/TRIF/NF-κB signaling pathway might play a crucial role in NXT-Exo's effect. miRNA-omics suggested miR-382-5p as a pivotal mediator, and ELISA confirmed that i

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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