Natural Polyphenols and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Insight in Bone Regenerative Medicine

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Bone defects pose significant clinical challenges, necessitating the development of innovative strategies to effectively restore damaged bone and recover normal function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool for bone regeneration due to their accessibility from various sources, ease of isolation and expansion, and intrinsic ability to differentiate into osteogenic lineages with minimal ethical concerns. However, successful bone repair using MSCs requires the incorporation of biocompatible osteoinductive agents, preferably derived from natural sources. Natural polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, exhibit potent pharmaceutical properties that modulate MSC fate toward osteogenic differentiation. These secondary metabolites promote osteogenesis by interacting with key bone regulatory signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)/SMAD, wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Beyond their osteoinductive capacity, flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and pro-angiogenic effects, which synergistically enhance bone formation both in vitro and in vivo, thereby amplifying their therapeutic potential. This review synthesizes current insights into the interaction between MSCs and natural flavonoids, detai

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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