Optimized human dedifferentiated fat cells from the buccal fat pad-derived osteoinductive extracellular vesicles promote osteoblast differentiation

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background/purpose Bone reconstruction in the maxillofacial region typically relies on autologous bone grafting, which presents challenges, including donor site complications and graft limitations. Recent advances in tissue engineering have identified highly pure and proliferative dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) as promising alternatives. Herein, we explored the capacity for osteoblast differentiation and the osteoinductive characteristics of extracellular vesicles derived from DFATs (DFAT-EVs). Materials and methods DFATs were isolated from human buccal fat pads, cultured to confluency, and placed in either a standard or osteogenic induction medium. After culturing for 3 days, the conditioned medium was used to generate EVs using the size-exclusion chromatography and concentration filter method. Results Characterization of DFAT-EVs revealed typical EV morphology and positive markers (CD9 and CD63), with no differences between the two groups. In vitro assays demonstrated that EVs derived from the osteogenic induction medium (OI-EVs) significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenesis-related genes (Runx2 and collagen type I) compared to control EVs. Next-generation sequencing identified differentially expressed miRNAs, and gene ontology analysis suggested pathways involved in osteoblast differentiation. Conclusion Isolating DFATs from buccal fat pads under

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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