Orthobiologics and Peptide Therapy for Central Nervous System Repair in Neurodegenerative Conditions

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease remain the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging and continue to lack curative treatments. Their pathophysiology is often multifaceted, encompassing protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic neuroinflammation, synaptic degeneration, and vascular compromise. This complex landscape reduces the effectiveness of single-target pharmacological agents and underscores the need for therapies capable of acting across multiple axes. Orthobiologics and peptide-based strategies exemplify this approach. Autologous cellular alternatives such as platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirates, mesenchymal stromal cell derivatives, and extracellular vesicles deliver paracrine signals that can reprogram glia, preserve mitochondrial function, and promote synaptic and vascular repair. Peptide therapeutics, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and novel sequences targeting protein aggregation or mitochondrial pathways, provide complementary precision by engaging defined receptors and intracellular cascades. Together, these modalities converge on mechanisms central to circuit preservation rather than symptomatic relief alone. Preclinical studies across Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease demonstrate consistent neuroprotective and functional benefits, and early human trials support feasibility and safety.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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