Osteoinduction in umbilical cord- and palate periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Adult abdominoplasty (AA) fat is an ideal source for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because it is discarded after surgery, abundant, and easy to harvest. Children however, do not have the same abundant quantities of fat as adults, nor are they likely to undergo a procedure during which fat is routinely discarded. Hence, finding an alternate source for MSCs in children is a reasonable strategy. Two such sources are the palate periosteum (PP) and the umbilical cord (UC). Advantages for PP as a source of MSCs are accessibility during palate repair, ease of harvest, and minimal risk to the patient. The UC, like AA, is a discarded tissue, with a theoretically unlimited supply, which can be harvested in children with craniofacial bone abnormalities in advance of reconstructive procedures. Our objective in this study is to characterize MSCs from 3 sources (AA, PP, and UC) by surface marker prevalence, and to assess osteoinductive capability. Institutional review board approval was obtained for harvest of AA, PP, and UC. The presence of MSCs was determined using immunostaining and flow cytometry for cell surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105, and SSEA-4. Osteogenesis was induced using osteogenic medium. Osteoinduction was evaluated using Alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for bone morphogenetic protein-2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin at 7, 14, and 21 day

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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