Perivascular adipose tissue: a central player in the triad of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular health

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a dynamic tissue that affects vascular function and cardiovascular health. The connection between PVAT, the immune system, obesity, and vascular disease is complex and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vascular inflammation. In cardiometabolic diseases, PVAT becomes a significant source of proflammatory adipokines, leading to increased infiltration of immune cells, in cardiometabolic diseases, PVAT becomes a significant source of proinflammatory adipokines, leading to increased infiltration of immune cells, promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migrationpromoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. This exacerbates vascular dysfunction by impairing endothelial cell function and promoting endothelial activation. Dysregulated PVAT also contributes to hemodynamic alterations and hypertension through enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity and impaired vasodilatory capacity of PVAT-derived factors. Therapeutic interventions targeting key components of this interaction, such as modulating PVAT inflammation, restoring adipokine balance, and attenuating immune cell activation, hold promise for mitigating obesity-related vascular complications. Lifestyle interventions, pharmacological agents targeting inflammatory pathways, and surgica

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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