pH Modification of High-Concentrated Collagen Bioinks as a Factor Affecting Cell Viability, Mechanical Properties, and Printability.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

The 3D bioprinting of cell-incorporated gels is a promising direction in tissue engineering applications. Collagen-based hydrogels, due to their similarity to extracellular matrix tissue, can be a good candidate for bioink and 3D bioprinting applications. However, low hydrogel concentrations of hydrogel (<10 mg/mL) provide insufficient structural support and, in highly concentrated gels, cell proliferation is reduced. In this study, we showed that it is possible to print highly concentrated collagen hydrogels with incorporated cells, where the viability of the cells in the gel remains very good. This can be achieved simply by optimizing the properties of the bioink, particularly the gel composition and pH modification, as well as by optimizing the printing parameters. The bioink composed of porcine collagen hydrogel with a collagen concentration of 20 mg/mL was tested, while the final bioink collagen concentration was 10 mg/mL. This bioink was modified with 0, 5, 9, 13, 17 and 20 μL/mL of 1M NaOH solution, which affected the resulting pH and gelling time. Cylindrical samples based on the given bioink, with the incorporation of porcine adipose-derived stromal cells, were printed with a custom 3D bioprinter. These constructs were cultivated in static conditions for 6 h, and 3 and 5 days. Cell viability and morphology were evaluated. Mechanical properties were evaluated by means o

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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