Photobiomodulation enhances osteogenesis in oral and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: A systematic review of in vitro evidence.

Relatively higher-quality human studies compared with other topics in this database, e.g. multiple RCTs or systematic reviews. This does not mean it is standard or approved care.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Objective Photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive light-based therapy, has gained attention for enhancing osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This systematic review evaluated in vitro evidence regarding PBM effects on the osteogenic differentiation of oral- and adipose-derived human MSCs and aimed to identify effective irradiation parameters. Methods A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published up to November 30, 2024. Of 1104 initially identified articles, 19 met eligibility criteria. They were assessed for methodological quality using the QUIN tool, and Data on cell source, laser parameters, and osteogenic outcomes were extracted. Results PBM enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in MSCs, particularly periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Effective wavelengths, associated with statistically significant osteogenic outcomes, ranged from 660 to 1064 nm, with energy densities of approximately 2-6 J/cm² showing the most consistent osteogenic responses. Key markers such as ALP, RUNX2, and OCN were upregulated, with enhanced mineralization observed. Mechanistically, PBM activated Wnt/β-catenin, BMP/Smad, and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. QUIN risk-of-bias assessment indicated low risk in most studie

Evidence level

Relatively higher-quality human studies compared with other topics in this database, e.g. multiple RCTs or systematic reviews. This does not mean it is standard or approved care.

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