Physical properties imparted by genipin to chitosan for tissue regeneration with human stem cells: A review.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Genipin is a fully assessed non-cytotoxic crosslinking compound. The chitosan|genipin physical properties such as morphology, roughness, porosity, hydrophilicity, ζ-potential, surface area and surface energy exert control over cell adhesion, migration, phenotype maintenance and intracellular signaling in vitro, and cell recruitment at the tissue-scaffold interface in vivo. For example a therapy using fucose|chitosan|genipin nanoparticles encapsulating amoxicillin, based on the recognition of fucose by H. pylori, leads to sharply improved clinical results. A bioactive scaffold sensitive to environmental stimuli provides an alternative approach for inducing adipose stem cell chondrogenesis: the expression of specific genes, the accumulation of cartilage-related macromolecules and the mechanical properties are comparable to the original cartilage-derived matrix (CDM), thus making the CDM|genipin a contraction-free biomaterial suitable for cartilage tissue engineering. For the regeneration of the cartilage, chitosan|genipin permits to modulate matrix synthesis and proliferation of chondrocytes by dynamic compression; chondrocytes cultured on the composite substrate produce much more collagen-II and sulfated GAG. The main advantages gained in the bone regeneration area with chitosan|genipin are: acceleration of mineral deposition; enhancement of adhesion, proliferation and different

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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