Prevascularization of electrospun PCL/PLA scaffolds using human adipose-derived stem and endothelial cells enhances vascular integration and host angiogenesis in vivo.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Inadequate vascularization remains a major limitation in tissue engineering, often leading to graft failure due to limited oxygen and nutrient supply. Prevascularization, the formation of microvascular networks within scaffolds before implantation, aims to accelerate perfusion and improve graft integration. We developed bilayer electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(l-lactide) (PCL/PLA) scaffolds prevascularized by co-culture of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and human placental arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs). AD-MSCs were isolated from lipoaspirates and characterized by flow cytometry and functional assays. Bilayered PCL/PLA scaffolds were engineered with a wide-meshed layer for cell infiltration and a fine-meshed layer for mechanical stability. Scaffolds were seeded with AD-MSCs, HPAECs, or both (co-culture). Cell viability, adhesion, and apoptosis were analyzed histologically. Angiogenic and vasculogenic potential was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. AD-MSCs expressed characteristic markers, demonstrated adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and promoted angiogenesis in 2D co-culture. ELISA analyses indicated dynamic secretion of VEGF, HGF, and bFGF, reflecting both paracrine and contact-dependent AD-MSC-HPAEC interactions. On scaffolds, cells primarily adhered to the wide-meshed layer. Co-c

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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