Protective Effects of Adipose-derived Stem Cell Exosomes vs Dexamethasone on Neuromotor Deficits in Focal Cerebral Ischemia.

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Introduction Cerebral ischemia is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, characterized by restricted blood flow to the brain, resulting in inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. Current therapies, such as thrombolytics and corticosteroids, offer limited efficacy in reversing neuronal damage. Recent advances suggest that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may provide neuroprotective benefits through anti-inflammatory and regenerative mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from adipose tissue-MSCs (AT-MSCs) compared to dexamethasone in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Sham, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) control, exosome-treated, and dexamethasone-treated. MACO was induced to simulate an ischemic stroke. Exosomes were administered intravenously, while dexamethasone was given intraperitoneally. Behavioral assessments (Bederson and Garcia scores), infarct volume (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride [TTC] staining), serum inflammatory markers (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and histopathological changes (H&E and Nissl staining) were analyzed. Results Exosome treatment signific

Evidence level

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

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