Re-innervation of neuromuscular junctions by a conductive polypyrrole/silk fibroin/GelMA hydrogel facilitated functional skeletal muscle regeneration following volumetric muscle loss
Maimaiti D., He Z., Liu J., Gao S., Yang G., Qi C.
Animal Study, published in J Orthop Translat (2026) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
- Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
- Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
- Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
- Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
- Emerging · Emerging topic under active research
This page is generated from the PubMed record. The Thai description is an automated summary of bibliographic fields and the abstract, not a full translation, and is not medical advice.
- Study type
- Animal Study
- Journal
- J Orthop Translat (2026)
- Reported sample size
- —
- Source database
- Europe PMC
- PMID
- 42199701
- PMCID
- PMC13199897
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jot.2026.101128
Abstract (original English)
Introduction Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a significant clinical challenge that severely compromises patients' motor function and often results in irreversible disability. While conventional hydrogels have been explored for VML repair, their inability to address peripheral nerve denervation has limited functional recovery. Objectives The objective of this study was to develop a conductive double-crosslinking hydrogel (PPY@SF/GelMA) by integrating polypyrrole (PPY) into gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and silk fibroin (SF), aiming to simultaneously promote myotube formation and nerve re-innervation. Methods The micro-architecture, compressive strength, rheological properties, swelling behavior, and conductivity of the PPY@SF/GelMA hydrogel were assessed. The influence of the conductive hydrogel on in vitro myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells and angiogenic differentiation of endothelial cells was evaluated. The in vivo biodegradation and biocompatibility of the conductive hydrogel were assessed through subcutaneous implantation in the dorsal region of C57BL mice. The regenerative potential of the conductive hydrogel for skeletal muscle and peripheral nerve repair was investigated using a mouse tibialis anterior VML model. Results Compared to pure GelMA or SF hydrogels, the PPY@SF/GelMA composite exhibited superior mechanical resilience, tunable swelling kinetics, ex
What this study does not prove
- • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
- • This is preclinical work; animal or laboratory results cannot be applied to humans.
Evidence level
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
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