Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Orthopedic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Pediatric orthopedic disorders, spanning congenital, developmental, traumatic, infectious, and neoplastic conditions, are a major source of preventable disability worldwide. Despite notable advances over the past decade, progress in diagnostic precision, surgical innovation, and regenerative therapy development often remains compartmentalized within subspecialties, limiting the translation of innovations across the field. This review aims to summarize recent advances in pediatric orthopedic diagnosis and treatment, assess emerging technologies such as AI-assisted imaging and regenerative medicine, and highlight key challenges and evidence gaps to guide future practice. A structured literature search was conducted across major biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify studies focused on pediatric populations, emphasizing multicenter cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) when available. Key advances include radiation-sparing diagnostic tools such as artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted ultrasonography, low-dose cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI); minimally invasive, growth-preserving interventions like guided growth, bioabsorbable fixation, and patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed implants; and biologic augmentation approaches using platelet-rich plasma (PRP)

Evidence level

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

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