Research Advances in Bionic Cell Membrane-Mediated Nanodrug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Periodontitis with Osteoporosis

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

With the intensification of global population aging, the co-morbidity rate of periodontitis and osteoporosis has significantly increased. The two are pathologically intertwined, forming a vicious cycle characterized by bone immunoregulatory dysfunction in the periodontal microenvironment, abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disruption of bone homeostasis. Conventional mechanical debridement and anti-infective therapy can reduce the pathogen load, but in some patients, it remains challenging to achieve long-term stable control of inflammation and bone resorption. Furthermore, abnormal bone metabolism in the context of osteoporosis further weakens the osteogenic response during the repair phase, limiting the efficacy of these treatments. Bioinspired cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMNPs) have emerged as an innovative technological platform. By mimicking the biointerface properties of source cells-such as red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, stem cells, and their exosomes-CMNPs enable targeted drug delivery, prolonged circulation within the body, and intelligent responses to pathological microenvironments. This review systematically explores how biomimetic design leverages the advantages of natural biological membranes to address challenges in therapeutic site enrichment and tissue penetration, in vivo circulation stability and effective expos

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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