Level D· Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studiesAnimal StudyPubMed

Scaffold-assisted assembly of cell-laden microgels to engineer permeable living constructs for vascularized adipose tissue regeneration.

Meng Z., Li D., Liu Y., Chen S., Zhang Y., He P.

Animal Study, published in Acta Biomater (2026) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.

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Level D· Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studiesEvidence level of this study

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

  • Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
  • Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
  • Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
  • Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
  • Emerging · Emerging topic under active research
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Study type
Animal Study
Journal
Acta Biomater (2026)
Country
England
Reported sample size
—
Source database
PubMed
PMID
42532394
DOI
10.1016/j.actbio.2026.07.049

Abstract (original English)

Integrating acellular scaffolds with cell-laden hydrogels holds great potential for engineering soft tissue constructs with structural integrity and uniform cellular distribution. However, achieving sustained and viable tissue regeneration remains a challenge due to poor nutrient diffusion and vascularization in bulk hydrogels. We propose to incorporate cell-laden microgels into polymeric scaffolds to engineer highly-permeable living constructs for vascularized adipose tissue regeneration. The cell-laden microgels, with the size ranging from 200 μm to 600 μm, are produced by electrospraying, coated with fibrin precursors, and embedded in a polymeric scaffold to form a mechanically robust construct with interconnected microporous structures. The microgels with a size of ∼200 μm exhibited better mass diffusion, improving viability and proliferation of encapsulated adipose tissue-derived stem cells compared with the bulk hydrogel. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be further introduced into the voids among the cell-laden microgels to form a pre-vascularized cellular network inside the assembled constructs. In vivo, the permeable living constructs can effectively maintain their original shape, significantly enhance tissue infiltration, promote vascularization, and alleviate hypoxia, thereby facilitating adipose tissue regeneration. The scaffold-assisted cell-laden microgel

What this study does not prove

  • • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
  • • This is preclinical work; animal or laboratory results cannot be applied to humans.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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