Secretome enriched with small extracellular vesicles derived from human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances rat tongue muscle regeneration

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the therapeutic effects of stem cells are most likely attributed to their secretome, composed of a myriad of bioactive factors, including small extracellular vesicles (EVs). Due to the potential benefits over cells in term of handling, preservation, stability, and safety, MSC-derived secretome is emerging as a novel cell-free therapeutic for regenerative therapy of various diseases. The purpose of this study is to optimize the xeno-free culture conditions to improve the secretome production by human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) and test their regenerative potential using an experimental rat model of tongue muscle defect. Methods Next-generation mRNA sequencing was performed to compare the gene expression profiles between GMSCs cultured under the defined xeno-free induction culture conditions (iGMSCs) and their 2D-cultured counterparts under regular serum-free conditions. The conditioned media (CM) from iGMSCs and 2D-GMSCs were harvested and concentrated through ultrafiltration to obtain secretomes. The EVs and soluble protein/peptide factor fractions (SPs) from the concentrated CM/secretome were separated using the 35 nm qEVoriginal size exclusion columns. The EVs were confirmed by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Western blot, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functional effects of secretom

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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