Secretome - the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Purpose Extracellular vesicles are the subject of many studies in various medical specialties. Their role in neurodegenerative diseases is increasing and they worth introducing in more detail. Methods This review was performed following an electronic search of the database PubMed/Medline and Web of Science for English-language articles between 2010 and 2024 in the fields of medicine, molecular biology, and biochemistry. Keywords searches included combinations of the following terms: "extracellular vesicles" OR "exosomes" AND "neurodeg*" AND "microRNA" OR "miRNA" AND "AD" OR "PD" OR "ALS" OR "HD". Articles had to be original work or reviews. Results The classification of extracellular vesicles is based on their size or origin. Their content is of key importance in communication between cells and can be treated as a physiological determinant of the normal or pathological condition of a body. The cargo transported in the extracellular space and over longer distances in various body fluids is diversified and may be nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, miRNA) as well as proteins and lipids, and, in the case of apoptotic bodies also a cell's organelles. Exosomes are the most thoroughly studied extracellular vesicles and the most often considered for therapeutic applications. Vesicles carrying biological substances in the body perform three basic functions: participation in a pathological mechani

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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