Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals therapeutic mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in sepsis-induced lung injury.

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Sepsis-induced acute lung injury remains a leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients, with limited effective treatments beyond supportive care. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) exosomes on sepsis-induced lung injury and characterizes underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Methods We employed a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model of sepsis and using male C57BL/6J mice ( Mus musculus , 8-10 weeks old) and administered ADSC-derived exosomes intravenously. Animals were randomly assigned to Sham, CLP, or CLP + ADSC-exosome groups. Survival rates ( n =12 for each group) and lung histopathology ( n =5 for each group) were assessed. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on lung tissues to analyze cell type-specific transcriptomic changes and intercellular communication networks ( n =2 for each group). Results ADSC exosome treatment significantly improved survival rates and reduced lung pathology in CLP mice. Treatment altered lung cellular composition, increasing neutrophils, NKT cells, and monocytes while decreasing B and T cells. Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF, IL-10, CCL3, and CCL4) and upregulation of tissue repair pathways. In neutrophils, exosomes reduced expression of respiratory burst genes while enhancing ti

Evidence level

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

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