Spatially controlled multicellular differentiation of stem cells using triple factor-releasing metal-organic framework-coated nanoline arrays.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Improved in vitro models are needed for regenerative therapy and drug screening. Here, we report on functionally aligned nanoparticle-trapped nanopattern arrays for spatially controlled, precise mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on a single substrate. The arrays comprise nanohole and nanoline arrays fabricated through interference lithography and selectively capture of UiO-67 metal-organic frameworks on nanoline arrays with a 99.8% efficiency using an optimised asymmetric spin-coating method. The UiO-67 metal-organic frameworks contain three osteogenic differentiation factors for sustained release over four weeks. The combination of differentiation factors and patterned array allows for generation of adipocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocyte-osteoblast mixtures on nanohole arrays, nanoline arrays, and at the nanohole-nanoline interface, respectively, with mature osteoblasts exhibiting higher marker expression and mineralisation. The sustained release patterned array holds potential for constructing advanced therapeutic and disease state in vitro cellular models.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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