Surface engineering of titanium alloy using metal-polyphenol network coating with magnesium ions for improved osseointegration.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Although titanium-based implants are widely used in orthopedic and dental clinics, improved osseointegration at the bone-implant interface is still required. In this study, we developed a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V, Ti) coated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) in a metal-polyphenol network (MPN) formation. Specifically, Ti discs were coated with EGCG in MgCl 2 by controlling their concentrations and pH, with the amount of coating increasing with the coating time. An in vitro culture of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) on the EGCG-Mg 2+ -coated Ti showed significantly enhanced ALP activity and mRNA expression of osteogenic markers. In addition, the EGCG-Mg 2+ -coated Ti enhanced the mineralization of hADSCs, significantly increasing the calcium content (22.2 ± 5.0 μg) compared with cells grown on Ti (13.5 ± 0.3 μg). Treatment with 2-APB, an inhibitor of Mg 2+ signaling, confirmed that the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation in the hADSCs was caused by the synergistic influence of EGCG and Mg 2+ . The EGCG-Mg 2+ coating significantly reduced the osteoclastic maturation of Raw264.7 cells, reducing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity (5.4 ± 0.4) compared with that of cells grown on Ti (1.0 ± 0.5). When we placed Ti implants onto rabbit tibias, the bone-implant contact (%) was greater on the EGCG-Mg 2+ -coated Ti implants (8.1 ±

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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