Transcriptomic and functional comparison of adipose-and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for tendon regeneration.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Tendons are specialized connective tissues with limited intrinsic healing properties due to hypovascularity and low metabolic activity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess regenerative potential for tendon injuries. Among the diverse sources of MSCs, those derived from the bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) are the leading candidates. However, their relative efficacy remains underexplored, particularly in terms of biological characteristics and tenogenic differentiation. In addition, the signaling pathways driving tenogenic differentiation processes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the regenerative potential of AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs for tendon repair. AD- and BM-MSCs were isolated from rats and evaluated for stemness based on morphology, viability, immunophenotyping, and tri-lineage differentiation. RNA sequencing was performed to obtain a baseline molecular profile of each MSC type prior to tenogenic differentiation. We evaluated the potential of AD- and BM-MSCs to differentiate into tendon-like cells in vitro using gene expression and immunofluorescence. A rat model of Achilles tendon injury was created to evaluate the regenerative efficacy following each MSC-type injection. After 6 weeks, tendon regeneration was assessed using histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Both MSCs displayed similarities in morphology

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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