The Use of High-Concentration Collagen-Based Composition and Gelatin Granules as Bioinks for Extrusion 3D Bioprinting of Porous-Structured Hydrogel Constructs.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

The aim of the study was to analyze the composition feasibility of the bioinks based on high-concentration collagen (40 mg/ml) and gelatin granules (6.25 mg/ml) for bioprinting of porous-structured hydrogel constructs using an extrusion 3D bioprinter. Materials and methods Bioprinting was performed on a 3D Invivo bioprinter (Rokit, South Korea). We assessed the filament continuity during extrusion, the changes in its thickness after test printing and incubation, as well as the biodegradation of prepared scaffolds. The hydrogel cytocompatibility was studied by the proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) incorporated into the scaffolds. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the immunophenotype of ADSCs. Cell proliferation in the scaffold structure was studied in vitro during 28 days spectrophotometrically after adding PrestoBlue reagent. The expression of target genes was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on day 21 of cultivation. We used the primers for mRNA encoding the synthesis of chondrogenic factors and metabolites ( ACAN , SOX9 , COL1A1 , COL2A1 ), surface markers ( CD29 , CD44 , CD73 , CD90 , CD105 ), as well as hypoxia ( HIF1A ), proliferation ( PCNA ), and apoptosis ( BCL2 , BAX ) factors. The morphology of the scaffolds was studied on day 28 of culturing by light microscopy after fixing and staining the hi

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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