A vascularized three-dimensional model integrating primary breast tumor cells and microvascular fragments: mimicking the tumor microenvironment involved in chemoresistance

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process in which the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role. In solid tumors, the TME contributes to key mechanisms of tumor progression, including metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to therapies. One major challenge in preclinical cancer research is the development of reliable three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, which more accurately replicate the in vivo tumor architecture and microenvironmental conditions, such as hypoxia and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. However, reproducing functional vascular networks and neo-angiogenesis within these models remains a key challenge. Methods In this study, an advanced 3D tumor model, referred to as angiotumoroids, was developed by co-culturing primary murine breast tumor cells (PTCs) with species-specific adipose-derived microvascular fragments (MVFs). Angiotumoroids were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and immunostaining, and angiogenesis was evaluated through collagen gel sprouting assays. High-resolution proteomic profiling was conducted, focusing on signatures associated with angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and tissue remodeling. Additionally, the response and internalization to anticancer drug treatments were evaluated. Results MVFs are successfully integrated in angiotumoroids, resulting in the formation of vascu

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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