In vitro evaluation of bioactive PCL/alginate fibers with controlled liposomal silymarin release for mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

The clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue engineering is hindered by critical challenges, including low cell survival rates, poor retention at injury sites, and the lack of bioactive scaffolds that mimic the native tissue microenvironment. To address these limitations, this study developed a multifunctional platform using liposomal silymarin (Lip-Sil)-enriched polycaprolactone/alginate (PCL/Alg) hierarchical fibers to enhance the delivery, adhesion, and functionality of adipose-derived MSCs (AMSCs) for tissue regeneration. Lip-Sil was synthesized using the remote loading method and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and dissolution behavior. PCL/Alg hierarchical fibers were fabricated via electrospinning and evaluated for mechanical properties, morphology, hydrophilicity, degradation rate,, and surface chemistry using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The biological performance of the scaffolds was assessed through in vitro studies, including cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation of AMSCs using MTT assay, DAPI staining, and FE-SEM imaging. The Lip-Sil formulation exhibited a particle size of 94.7 nm, a zeta potential of -29 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 73%. The cumulative dissolution profile showed a sustained release, reaching 65% after 2 weeks. The P

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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