Level D· Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studiesNarrative ReviewEurope PMCOpen access

3-Dimensional Bioprinting of Cardiovascular Tissues: Emerging Technology

Sung K., Patel NR., Ashammakhi N., Nguyen KL.

Narrative Review on Cardiovascular Disease, published in JACC Basic Transl Sci (2021) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.

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Level D· Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studiesEvidence level of this study

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

  • Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
  • Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
  • Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
  • Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
  • Emerging · Emerging topic under active research
Read the A–D evidence level guide

This page is generated from the PubMed record. The Thai description is an automated summary of bibliographic fields and the abstract, not a full translation, and is not medical advice.

Study type
Narrative Review
Journal
JACC Basic Transl Sci (2021)
Reported sample size
—
Source database
Europe PMC
PMID
34095635
PMCID
PMC8165127
DOI
10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.12.006
Citations
12

Abstract (original English)

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting may overcome challenges in tissue engineering. Unlike conventional tissue engineering approaches, 3D bioprinting has a proven ability to support vascularization of larger scale constructs and has been used for several cardiovascular applications. An overview of 3D bioprinting techniques, in vivo translation, and challenges are described.

What this study does not prove

  • • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
  • • This is a narrative review: it collects no new patient data and does not systematically appraise evidence quality.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

How we grade evidence

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