Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes regulate Nrf2/Keap1 in diabetic nephropathy by targeting FAM129B.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-Exos) have exhibited a therapeutic role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Further studies are needed to investigate how ADSCs-Exos regulate oxidative stress and inflammation in high glucose-induced podocyte injury. Methods An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect cellular inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry in podocytes with different treatments. A malondialdehyde (MDA) kit was used to evaluate the lipid peroxidation levels in podocytes and kidney tissues of mice. Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to detect protein expression and protein-protein interactions. Results ADSCs-Exos reversed oxidative stress and inflammation in podocytes and kidney tissues of DN mice induced by high glucose levels in vitro and in vivo. Interference with heme oxygenase-1 expression could reverse the improvement effect of ADSCs-Exos on oxidative stress induced by high glucose levels. Furthermore, high glucose inhibited nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression and promoted Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) protein expression in podocytes, as well as their binding ability. As a potential target for Nrf2/Keap1 pathway regulation, FAM129B expression in podocytes is regulated by high glucose and ADSCs-Exos. Moreover,

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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