Advances in the Role of Adipose Tissue in Promoting Injury Repair and Resist Infection.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Adipose tissue (AT) transplantation has emerged as a critical therapeutic strategy for tissue restoration and regeneration in recent years. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that AT exerts dual functions in promoting tissue repair and conferring anti-infective properties, with distinct biological effects attributed to its heterogeneous components. This review systematically examines the distribution of AT in different populations and the components of AT, including adipocytes, extracellular matrix (ECM), immune cells, stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and adipokines. Distinct AT components mediate tissue repair and infection resistance through unique molecular mechanisms. Functionally, adipocytes coordinate with macrophages during wound healing by secreting immunomodulatory adipokines—including adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)—that orchestrate inflammatory signaling and enhance host defense mechanisms. ECM provides structural support while releasing cytokines that synergistically enhance angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. SVF cell populations exhibit dual functionality: accelerating neural and cutaneous regeneration while suppressing fibrotic pathways to minimize scar formation. Finally, recommendations are proposed to guide future investigations into AT-mediated immune functions. This review highligh

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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