All-trans retinoic acid modulates proliferation and apoptosis of secondary hair follicle-dermal papilla cells in cashmere goats via the TGF-<i>β</i>2/Smad2/3 pathway

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Cashmere, a fiber of high economic value, is produced by secondary hair follicles (SHFs), whose growth depends on the proliferation and apoptosis of SHF-derived dermal papilla cells (SHF-DPCs). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of vitamin A, has shown inconsistent effects on hair follicle biology, with reports of both inhibition and stimulation. To clarify the role of ATRA in follicular development, we investigated its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of in vitro -cultured SHF-DPCs isolated from Capra hircus (Albas cashmere goats). SHF-DPCs were obtained from scapular skin, and the optimal ATRA concentration (10 -4 M) and treatment duration (24 h) were identified using Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays. Cells were then assigned to an ATRA-treated group (10 -4 M) or a control group. Proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression were evaluated, followed by transcriptome sequencing. Transcriptomic analysis indicated enrichment of the transforming growth factor- β (TGF- β ) signaling pathway. Therefore, mRNA and protein levels of TGF- β 2-a follicle growth-related regulator-and Smad2/3 phosphorylation were examined. The TGF- β type I/II receptor inhibitor LY2109761 was used to further validate the involvement of this pathway. ATRA inhibited SHF-DPC proliferation by indu

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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