Analysis of cellular responses following interaction with extracellular vesicles derived from HEK293T and human adipose derived stem cells.

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, are crucial mediators of intercellular communication that influence immune responses, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Their therapeutic potential has been explored for the treatment of chronic, non-healing wounds, especially in diabetic patients with chronic inflammation, impaired cellular proliferation, and poor angiogenesis. We investigated the role of exosomes derived from human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) on NIH3T3 fibroblast migration. Exosomes were characterized for size, concentration, and surface markers. Western blotting and scratch assays were used to assess ERK1/2 activation and cell migration. Characterization revealed that HEK293T exosomes were more abundant (3.1 × 10¹¹ ± 4.9 × 10⁹ particles/mL), larger (178 ± 4 nm), and exhibited stronger surface marker protein expression than exosomes from hADSCs (2.4 × 10⁹ ± 4.1 × 10⁸ particles/mL, 153 ± 5 nm). Both types of exosomes significantly enhanced NIH3T3 fibroblast migration with migration indices of 63.2 ± 4.3% and 48.9 ± 2.7% via ERK1/2 signaling, with HEK293T exosomes showing stronger effects because of their higher protein content. Western blot analysis revealed that robust ERK1/2 activation by both exosome types was crucial for fibroblast migration, with scratch assays highlighting their pro-migratory

Evidence level

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

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