Bacterial Cellulose and ECM Hydrogels: An Innovative Approach for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Cardiovascular diseases are considered the leading cause of death in the world, accounting for approximately 85% of sudden death cases. In dogs and cats, sudden cardiac death occurs commonly, despite the scarcity of available pathophysiological and prevalence data. Conventional treatments are not able to treat injured myocardium. Despite advances in cardiac therapy in recent decades, transplantation remains the gold standard treatment for most heart diseases in humans. In veterinary medicine, therapy seeks to control clinical signs, delay the evolution of the disease and provide a better quality of life, although transplantation is the ideal treatment. Both human and veterinary medicine face major challenges regarding the transplantation process, although each area presents different realities. In this context, it is necessary to search for alternative methods that overcome the recovery deficiency of injured myocardial tissue. Application of biomaterials is one of the most innovative treatments for heart regeneration, involving the use of hydrogels from decellularized extracellular matrix, and their association with nanomaterials, such as alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid and gelatin. A promising material is bacterial cellulose hydrogel, due to its nanostructure and morphology being similar to collagen. Cellulose provides support and immobilization of cells, which can result

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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