Bidirectional Regulatory Roles in the Immune Modulation, Organ Dysfunction, and Therapy of Sepsis

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Exosomes have emerged as central mediators in sepsis pathogenesis and therapy. Exosomes play an important role in cell communication by transferring functional proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids to recipient cells. Recently, Low-immunogenic exosomes serve as novel biomarkers in sepsis, and they confer a 46% enhancement in survival benefit in animal models. However, exosomes drive the early inflammatory storm and late immune paralysis in sepsis. There are also limitations related to heterogeneity and translational barriers. Therefore, this review discusses the basic signaling pathways underlying the bidirectional effects of exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of sepsis, the interaction between organ dysfunction and exosomes in sepsis, the current progress in exosome therapy for sepsis, as well as the challenges and limitations faced in this field. In summary, exosomes have bright prospects in diagnosis and clinical translation, as well as the potential for standardized production.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

Browse all related research

Filter the research library by this study's title keywords, author, or publication year.