Biodistribution of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in animal models and implied role of exosomes following systemic delivery of MSCs: a systematic review

Relatively higher-quality human studies compared with other topics in this database, e.g. multiple RCTs or systematic reviews. This does not mean it is standard or approved care.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates to combat the growing rates of chronic degenerative diseases. These cells provide regeneration and/or differentiation into other cell types, and secrete various trophic factors that participate in migration, proliferation, and immunomodulation. However, the novelty of MSC research has noticeably declined as common barriers and unresolved challenges prevent further progress. A common issue is the low survivability and migration of systemically infused MSC towards targeted regions. Nevertheless, successful clinical treatment of various chronic diseases suggests that the MSCs may have an alternative mechanism. Recent advancements have shown labelling and imaging techniques to be a reliable source of data. These data not only illustrate the biodistribution but can be referenced to either support and/or improve the specificities of the cellular therapy construct. In this review, we compile recent studies between 2017 and 2021 to determine the homing and migration of MSCs by specific and peripherally-targeted organs. We also compare the different cell-tracking assays with the safety and efficacy of their therapeutic construct. We found that the common route of MSCs occurred in the lungs, liver, kidney and spleen. Furthermore, MSCs were also able to home and migrate towards targeted or injured organs such as the heart and lymph nod

Evidence level

Relatively higher-quality human studies compared with other topics in this database, e.g. multiple RCTs or systematic reviews. This does not mean it is standard or approved care.

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